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This ancient city was named one of Aphrodite, the goddess of beauty and love. The origins of the city could go back to the late Neolithic times. After the rise of the Roman supremacy in the region during the second century before Christ, a sacred attribute was added to the city. Aphrodisias was located 38 km south of Nazilli, in the village district Geyre Karacasu. Despite the devastating effects of a major earthquake in the 7th century AD, was beaten to the city, is a very good state of preservation of the old site. The temple on the north side is in the center of the city. Next to this temple, Tetrapylon, richly decorated gate built in the second century, is one that must see the remains of the city. In addition, the Agora, the Odeon, with a capacity of 8000 seats, the Bishop’s Palace and the bathrooms of the mark in the scene Aphrodisias spectacular. Professor Kenan Erim, who started the first excavations in the area in 1961, is buried in Aphrdoisias which remained fully engaged and had personal affection throughout his life. Today, only a quarter of the city still has not been brought to daylight.
Ancient sources provide little information about the city. According to the Byzantine historia Stephanus was founded by Lelegians and was known first as Lelegonopolis. The city name was changed to Megalopolis, and later again for a child. This name may derive from children, a ruler of Babylon semi-legendary or, more likely, is connected with the Child Akkadian, or Nina Nin, these names are to the goddess Astarte or Ishtar. The similarities between the religions of Ishtar and Aphrodite are well known to scholars and therefore most likely Aphrodisias is a Greek version of the Child. The use of the name Aphrodisias began after the 3 rd century BC. The similarities of the goddess Aphrodite to Artemis of Ephesus and other Anatolian mother goddesses are evident in cult statues found in the ruins. In the Hellenistic period, which took the form of an ancient nature goddess who was sovereign on earth, in heaven, and in the oceans and the underworld.
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During the Roman period from first to sixth centuries AD, Aphrodisias became a rich and important city, known as a thriving commercial center and the excellence of its school of sculptors in marble. Despite the arrival of Christianity and the establishment of a bishop in the city, paganism still remained for several centuries in Aphrodisias, due to the popularity of the cult of the goddess. Under the Byzantines, the city was renamed Stavropolis (Ciudad de la Cruz), but locals prefer Caria, the name of the province (Geyre, the name of the modern village occupying the same site, is probably a corruption of the ancient Caria). When Christianity became the official religion of the Byzantine Empire, the pilgrimage shrine of Aphrodite gradually declined in importance, so much so that the names Aphrodite and Aphrodisias were erased from all inscriptions and sculptures.
As was his habit of mercilessly destroying other people’s religious shrines, the Christians demolished the beautiful temple of Aphrodite, was separated from his many columns, and erected a church where he had been the temple. Arab incursions, religious conflicts, political and economic pressures, and a series of epidemics and earthquakes marked the decline of the city. We know very little about the history of the city from the seventh century, sources of information is limited to a few religious documents and lists of the names of the bishops. The archaeological findings seem to point to a short-lived revival in the 11th century, followed by the incursion of the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia between the ages 11 and 13. In 1402 the city was attacked by Tamerlane and then completely abandoned. In the ages 15 and 16 of the area’s fertile land attracted new settlements and people Geyre taken the place of the ancient city of Aphrodisias.
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The name Aphrodisias is derived from Aphrodite, the goddess of nature, beauty, love and abundance, and his temple was one of the most famous places of worship of the Greek goddess in the world. Aphrodite Urania was the goddess of pure love, spiritual as she Aphrodite was the goddess of sensual love. She was married to Hephaestus, but he was the lover of Ares, Hermes, Dionysus and Adonis. Situated on a number of previous temples, the temple of Aphrodite was the center of the city. All that remains of the ancient temple consists of fourteen of the forty plus Ionic columns surrounding the patio. This temple was probably started in the first century BC, said that during the reign of Augustus and completed by Hadrian in the second century AD.
The building appears to have been what is known as a temple octastyle with thirteen columns on each side and eight columns at the front and rear. The discovery of several mosaic fragments belonging to the Hellenistic period indicate the existence of an older temple on the same site but with the conversion of a church temple in the fifth century all traces of the old building were destroyed. Directly east of the temple of Aphrodite and the monumental gateway functioning as a great Tetrapylon built during the reign of Hadrian (117-138 AD). The process of repair and re-assembly of the four columns Tetrapylon was completed in 1990. The city of Aphrodisias also offers an agora or market area, several buildings believed to have been schools, and the best preserved stadium in the eastern Mediterranean, with a capacity for 30,000 spectators.
Homer the name traditionally attributed to the renowned author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the two great epics of Greek antiquity. Nothing is known about Homer as an individual. In fact, the question of whether a person can be responsible for the creation of the two epics is still controversial. However, linguistic and historical data suggests that the poems were composed in the Greek colonies on the west coast of Asia Minor during the ninth century BC.
Electra was the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, the king and queen of Mycenae. When Elektra’s father came home from the Trojan War, his mother, Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegisthus killed. They also killed Cassandra, a concubine of Agamemnon and the Trojan War
Antigone in ancient Greece, Antigone is mostly linked to the myth that told of ancient greek playwright Sophocles, although it refers to different Antigone in the ancient greek world. Antigone was the daughter of the king of Thebes, Oedipus and Jocasta. It tells the story, Oedipus, the son of Laius and Jocasta killed his father Laius and became king of Thebes. Oedipus unknowingly married his mother Jocasta and had children with her.
Jason is a history of ancient Greek myth, a story that is passed from generation to generation. About a hero who went on a journey in search of the Golden Fleece so that he could help his father regain his kingdom of King Pelias. Aeson Jason’s father was king of Lolcus Alcimed and mother. Aeson half brother Pelias was eager for the throne of Lolcus while in battle, took the power Aeson and became king. Aeson Pelias and shared a common mother, Tyro. She was the daughter of Salmoneus and the sea god Poseidon. Pelias, to ensure that no family could challenge Aeson killed his family. Alcimed but saved her baby, Jason. To avoid your baby Alcimed said Chiron, who became his guardian.
Chaos – in an ancient Greek myth of creation, the dark, silent abyss from which all things were made. According to the Theogony of Hesiod, Chaos generated the solid Earth, from which emerged starry, cloud filled the sky. Mother Earth and Father Sky, embodied respectively Gaea and Uranus his descendants were the Titans parents. In a later theory, Chaos is the formless matter from which the cosmos, or harmonious order, was created.
Gaea – She was the mother and wife of Father Heaven, Uranus. They were the parents of the creatures first, the Titans, the Cyclopes and the Giants – Hecatonchires (Hundred – headers). Uranus hated the monsters, and even if they were his children, locked them in a secret location on the ground. Gaea was enraged at this favoritism and persuaded their son Cronos to overthrow his father. The castrated Uranus, and his blood Gaea gave birth to the Giants, and the three avenging goddesses the Erinyes. Their children more and more terrible was Typhon, a monster of 100 head, which, though defeated by the god Zeus, was believed to Etna volcano spewing lava.
Tartarus - The lowest region of the underworld. Hesiod claimed that a brazen anvil would take several days and nights to fall from heaven to earth, and nine days and nights to fall from earth to Tartarus. Tartarus rose out of chaos and has been the destination of wicked souls. Uranus banished his children and Cyclops Hecatonchires in Tartarus, as Zeus also did to the Titans. Other famous inhabitants of Tartarus include Sisyphus, Ixion, Tantalus, Salmoneus, Tityus, Ophion and daughters of Danaus.
Eros – The god of love. It was considered a handsome and intense, attended by Pothos (“longing”) or Himeros (“desire”). Later mythology made him the constant agent of his mother, Aphrodite, goddess of love.
Erebus – Personification of the darkness of the underworld and the children of Chaos. . In later myth, Erebus is the dark region beneath the earth through the shadows that must go to Hades below. It is often used metaphorically for Hades itself.
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Uranus – Gaea – The personification of the sky, the sky god and husband of Gaia, the goddess land. . Their children are Hecatonchires, Cyclops and the Titans.
Hecatonchires – Three son of Uranus and Gaia. There were three of them: Briareus also called Aegaeon, Cottus and Gyges also called Gyges. They were gigantic and had fifty heads and one hundred arms each of great strength. They had 100 hands and helped Zeus in his war against the Titans.
Cronus – Rhea – Cronus was a ruler of the universe during the Golden Age. It was one of the 12 Titans and the youngest son of Uranus and Gaia, Cronus and his sister-queen, Rhea, became the parents of 6 of the 12 gods and goddesses known as the Olympians. Cronus had been warned that he would be overthrown by one of his own children. To avoid this, he swallowed his first five children when they were born. Rhea did not like it. She substituted a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes for their sixth child, Zeus. It was hidden in Crete, and as he grew older, he returned and forced Cronos to return all the other children who grew up within him. Zeus and his brothers and sisters have waged war against Cronos and the Titans. Zeus won, and the Titans were imprisoned in Tartarus, a cave in the deepest part of the underworld.
Coeus – Phoebe – Coeus was a titan of Intelligence, the father of Leto, husband of Phoebe
Oceanus – Tethys – the personification of the vast ocean. With his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand children Oceanides called. He ruled over the ocean, a great river encircling the earth, which we thought was a flat circle. The nymphs of this great river, Oceanides, their daughters, and the gods of all the rivers on earth were their son.
Hestia – Virgin goddess of hearth. It was symbolic of the house around which a newborn was carried out before being received into the family. Even if it appears in very few myths, most cities have a common home where her sacred fire burned.
Hades – He was the lord of the underworld, ruler of the dead. He is a greedy god is very concerned about increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. He was also the god of wealth because of the precious metals mined from the earth. His wife was Persephone that Hades abducted. The underworld itself was often called Hades. It was divided into two regions: Erebus, where the dead once they die, and Tartarus, the deeper region where the Titans were imprisoned. It was a dark and miserable, inhabited by vague forms and shadows and guarded by Cerberus, the three heads of families, dog dragon’s tail. Sinister rivers separated the underworld from the world and the old ferryman Charon transported the souls of the dead in these waters.
Poseidon – god of the sea. Trident is a weapon that could shake the earth and destroy any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Beneath the ocean, was a brilliant golden palace. Poseidon was the husband of a Nereid Amphitrite, with whom he had a son, Triton. Poseidon had numerous other love stories. At one point, he wanted to Demeter. You can put it to Demeter asked him to make the animal more beautiful than the world had ever seen. To impress her, Poseidon created the first horse. In some accounts his first attempts were unsucessful and created a number of other animals in his research. At a time when the horse was created his passion for Demeter had cooled.
Zeus – Hera – The god of heaven and ruler of the Olympian gods. He displaced his father and became chief of the gods of Olympus. Zeus was considered the father of gods and mortals. That does not create gods or death, he was her father in the sense of being the protector and ruler both of the Olympic family and the human race. His weapon was a thunderbolt. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. He was married to Hera, but is famous for his many affairs, which led to many kids know and probably many more that are not known to be. Athena was his favorite child. He wore only his head. One of the biggest festivals of Zeus was the Olympics. They were held in Olympia every four years. Even if there was a war between the city states of Greece were to stop the war to take part in this game.
Hera’s marriage was founded in conflict with Zeus and continued in the war. Writers represented Hera as always jealous of Zeus’s many lovers. It punishes rivals and their children, among both goddesses and mortals, with implacable fury. The peacock (symbol of pride, a carriage pulled by peacocks) and cow (which was also known as Bopis, which means “cow-eyed”, which was later translated as “with big eyes” were her sacred animals . Her favorite city is Argos.
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Demeter – Zeus – Goddess of maize and yield. He has taught man the art of plowing and sowing, so that they can end their nomadic existence. He was serious, beautiful hair almost relieved. that was as beautiful as the corn ripens. Poseidon his field, but Demeter refused to own him. To escape he fled to Arkadia, assuming the latter form of the mare, she mingled with herds of King Oncus. Poseidon, however, was able to see him, became a stallion and became her mother’s horse Arion.
When her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, god of the underworld, Demeter’s grief was so great that she neglected the land, the plants grew, and famine devastated the land. Appalled by this situation, Zeus, demanded that his brother Hades return Persephone to her mother. Hades agreed, but before he released the girl, made her eat some pomegranate seeds that requiring it to return with him for four months a year. In his joy at being reunited with her daughter, Demeter caused the earth to produce bright spring flowers and abundant fruit and grain for harvest. However, her pain returned each fall when Persephone had to go to hell. The bleakness of winter and death of vegetation is considered as the annual event of the pain of Demeter when her daughter was wearing. Demeter and Persephone were worshiped in the rites of the Mysteries of Eleusis.
Persephone - Persephone was Queen of the Underworld and the daughter of Demeter. Persephone is the goddess of the underworld in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, goddess of the harvest. Persephone was a beautiful girl that everyone loved him, even Hades wanted her for himself. Although Zeus gave his consent, Demeter was unwilling. Hades, therefore, grabbed the girl while she was picking flowers and carried him out of his kingdom. Persephone was the personification of the recovery of habitat in the spring. His attributes in iconography can be a torch, crown, scepter, and the stalks of wheat.
Leto – Zeus – The mother of Artemis, the goddess of the bow and hunting. He was loved by the god Zeus who, fearing the jealousy of his wife, Hera, banished Leto when she was about to give your child. All countries and islands were also afraid of Hera’s wrath and refused the desperate Leto a home where the child could be born. Finally, in his wanderings, he stepped on a small island floating in the Aegean Sea, which was called Delos.
Iapetus – The son of Uranus and Gaia. The wife of Iapetus was Clymene.
Athena – or Pallas Athena is one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. Goddess of wisdom, war, art, industry, justice and skill. Athena ran an adult and armored from the forehead and Zeus and was his favorite. It’s been a proud and brave in battle, but fights only to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which makes a man to tame horses, trumpet, flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and floats. His attributes in iconography are the aegis (fringed cloak, sometimes decorated with a Gorgon’s head), a helmet and a spear.
Ares - God of War. He was very aggressive. He was unpopular with the gods and humans. Ares was not invincible, even against mortals. He personified the brutal nature of war. He was immortal, but every time he gets hurt, he would go to his father, Zeus and was healed. Ares was worshiped mainly in Thrace.
Hebe - goddess of youth. She, along with Ganymede was the cupbearer of the gods, serving their nectar and ambrosia. It also prepared the bath Ares and helped Hera to her chariot. Hebe was the wife of Hercules.
Hephaestus- god of fire and metal. He was born lame and weak, and shortly after his birth, was thrown out of Olympus. In most legends, but was honored again as soon as the Olympus, and was married to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, and Aglaia, one of three feet. His laboratory was believed buried under Mount Etna in Sicily. He has done great things and the gods, including the twelve golden thrones, weapons and treasures of the gods.
Apollo – Apollo was primarily a god of prophecy. Sometimes it was given the gift of prophecy to mortals whom he loved, as the Trojan princess Cassandra. As a prophet and a magician, who is the patron of medicine and healing. He was a talented musician who delighted the gods with his performance on the lyre. He was also a master archer and a fast athlete, credited with being the first winner in the Olympics. Her twin sister was Artemis. He was famous for his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from anywhere in the Greek world to divine the future. He was also the god of agriculture and livestock, and light and truth.
Artemis – Artemis was the goddess of hunting and animals, as well as delivery. His twin brother Apollo. As the goddess of the moon, sometimes identified with the goddesses Selene and Hecate.Her attributes are the bow and arrow, while dogs, deer and goose are her sacred animals. Her temple at Ephesus was more complex.
Atlas – Son of the Titan Iapetus and the nymph Clymene, and brother of Prometheus. Atlas fought with the Titans in the war against the gods of Olympus. Atlas took by assault the heavens and Zeus punished him for this fact by condemning him to forever bear the earth and the sky on his shoulders. He was the father of the Hesperides, the nymphs who guarded the tree of golden apples, and Heracles (Hercules).
Prometheus - Prometheus was the wisest Titan, known as the friend and benefactor humanity.He stole the sacred fire from Zeus and the gods. He also deceived the gods, they should get more parts of any animal sacrificed to them, and people better. Zeus ordered Prometheus chained be for eternity in the Caucasus. It would be an eagle eating his liver every day and the liver would be renewed. So the punishment was endless, until Heracles finally killed the bird.
Epimetheus- Epimetheus was a Titan, whose name means “afterthought”. In some accounts, he was transferred with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He foolishly ignored his brother Prometheus’ warnings to be wary of all the gifts of Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, bringing the aches and pains in the world.
Maia – Zeus – Maia was the daughter of Atlas. She was one of the lovers of Zeus. She and Zeus was the mother of Hermes.
Dione - Zeus – The goddess Dione titánide or Zeus became the mother of Aphrodite.
Hermes – Hermes’s main role was as a messenger. As a special civil servant and messenger of Zeus, Hermes had winged sandals and a winged hat and bore a golden caduceus or magic wand, entwined with snakes and surmounted by wings. He led the souls of the dead to the underworld and was believed to possess magical powers over sleep and dreams. Five minutes after he was born, he stole a herd of cows from Apollo. He invented the lyre from a cow’s internal fibers. After Apollo learned what happened, he knew that his half-brother would he one of the Pantheon. Hermes was the patron of trickster and thieves because of his actions early in life. His attributes in iconography include kerykeion (personal messenger), winged boots, and petassos (CAP).
Aphrodite – Goddess of love and beauty. Aphrodite loved and was loved by many gods and mortals. Among her mortal lovers, the most famous was perhaps Adonis. Some of her sons are Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios and Aeneas (the Trojan lover Anchises). Perhaps the most famous legend of Aphrodite in the Trojan War, in September. She was the wife of Hephaestus. Myrtle was her tree. Dove, swan, and sparrow were her birds.
Zeus- First the Greek pantheon of gods are known to close the top of Olympus, a generation previous gods called Titans, to be held. The ruler of the angels Cronus was the son of Gaia (Mother Earth). Chrono mother had told him he had stolen one of his descendants, which would be extremely effective. Therefore, whenever the wife of Cronus, Rhea gave birth to a child, he swallowed the god of the newborn to prevent them from turning over his powers …
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