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By far the main focus of contemporary wine tourism research has been in ‘New World’ regions. Indeed it appears that wine tourism research in ‘Old World’ wine countries is a very recent phenomenon, very much under development in many regions. The present study adds to this  underdeveloped body of research in that it addresses wine tourism development across three prominent ‘Old World’ Spanish wine regions.

A  total of seventy six wineries participated in the study and respondents’ answers and comments to date indicate that while many of the  participating wineries are several generations, or centuries, old, wine tourism appears to be in its ‘tentative’ stages, that is, starting to gain momentum. Also, respondents’ answers demonstrate that visitation among overseas visitors is very minimal.

Clearly, many of the wineries or  the wine regions are far from Spain’s coastal areas, where tourism concentrates, and follows the ‘traditional rituals’ of sun and beach activities.

However, in a country with a very large foreign tourist contingent such as Spain, this finding also illustrates the existence of an almost totally  untapped market, and suggests potential commercial opportunities for Spanish wineries. Such an argument is particularly valid, as in the last  decade, rural and agri-tourism have been developing in the nation to cater for a diverse tourist market.

In addition, 72.3% of respondents  indicated that their wineries are open to the public mainly to generate interest for their wine brands among visitors, and another 59.2% use the  cellar door to educate customers, thus demonstrating wineries’ longer-term strategy to ‘convert’ visitors to loyal consumers.

These results are  not different from other wine tourism studies. However, given the critical role tourism plays for Spain’s economy, with over 50 million visitors  per year, these findings can have important implications for the wine industry in many of the nation’s wine regions.

WINE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIA

Wine tourism development in Slovenian wine regions is analyzed and compared with similar research on determinants for life-cycle of wine tourist products and growth of wine tourist providers in world class tourism and wine tourism destinations (Getz & Brown 2006). The high  quality of wine production is an important element for initial, an introductory stage in wine tourism development.

In the second stage of  development a part of wine production is sold in a bottled form as well as there are introduced additional offers, which lead to a shift from  traditional winery into an open winery with wine sales. In the third stage, progress made in wine quality and growth in winery progress follows,  which requires improvements in marketing. This is accompanied with investments into tourist accommodation facilities in the winery to provide  n additional employment of other members of households for tourism activities.

Finally, in the fourth mature stage of wine tourism  development, tourist activities become the main source of income for the winery, which requires establishing of family or similar run firm, which is engaged in tourism and wine marketing at domestic and international markets.

At the same time tourist supply is becoming more specialized  targeting different segments of wine tourists such as activities for lovers of culture, families, active tourism, cycling, lovers of nature, and  similar. In this developed stage, the tourist supply is well integrated into a tourist supply of the destination. This means that from the initial wine  farm it becomes one of the important players and innovators of tourist supply in the tourist destination.

The life cycle of wine tourist product  and growth of wine tourist providers are analyzed in the case of Slovenian wine region. The importance and growth of wine tourism product and  wine tourism providers will be quantified by the investigation of the number of wineries and employees in wine tourism, the number and  diversification of recognized and specialized tourist products in association with wine tourism (e.g. wellness, ecological and similar tourism), the significance of wine sales in the wineries and wine exports, the use of different marketing tools and the role of wine consortiums.

NEW WORLD AND MEDITERRANEAN WINE TOURISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Contextually, wine tourism seems underdeveloped in Europe – even though wine has a long history there. This paper will examine the future for  wine tourism research in the Mediterranean region given that, until now, there has been a greater focus on New World, particularly Anglophone,  countries. Based on an analysis of past research the paper therefore highlights potential inter-cultural similarities and differences and offers suggestions for future research programmes.

Specifically, the following will be explored:

1. Different production contexts. In New World countries many wine regions have only developed in the last 30-50 years, with the resulting  ‘pioneer spirit’ influencing the co-operative and dynamic approach to wine tourism.

2. Related to this, the use of appellation systems to guarantee regional quality may affect how wine tourism is viewed (both operationally and for branding). This links to the effectiveness of regional branding.

3. Consumption patterns are changing, with expansion in New World countries and rapid reductions in Europe. This may be linked to the use of wine as a lifestyle product, which in turn is attached to the lifestyle pursuits of travel and placeattachment.

4. Attitudes to land ownership and use vary – based on differing views of individual ownership and community benefit.

5. It has been suggested that small European wine producers, who sell wine at their property, often do not think that they are involved in wine  tourism. This idea bears further research.

6. In the New World wine tourists seek an overall experience rather than just a focus on wine. The existence of this attitude in the Mediterranean  region could be crucial.

7. Possibly, in Europe, producer wine tourism involvement only develops when there is a drop in sales, and is only used to prop-up economic  activity rather than for longterm branding.

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WINE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE AEGEAN COAST OF TURKEY: A REGIONAL APPROACH

Turkey is one of the most important countries in the field of viniculture. The reason for this suggestion comes from some numbers: in world  rankings Turkey is 5th in total vineyard area, with 600.000 hectare, and 6th in grape production. However, most of the harvested grapes are  being used for consuming as table grape, raisin, drying and making molasses. Only 2 % of the grapes harvested in Turkey are used to produce  wine, and the 60 million liters of wine Turkey produces makes up a meer 2% of the world’s total production.

Most of the Turkish citizens prefer  drinking rakı or beer than wine – annual consumption of wine is 6.8 liter per citizen. The consumption figures in Turkey are very low when  compared with French (65 liter), Spain (39 liter) and Greece (31 liter). The low level of wine consumption in Turkey could be explained, in a large extent, to religious inhibitions. The proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 lead to the repeal of the inhibition of wine production and  consumption in 1926.

Thereafter, Muslim entrepreneurs became interested in wine production, which had been strictly limited to those citizens  of Greek and Armenian decent. Turkey’s most developed and productive wine regions are Marmara, Aegean, Central and Southeastern Anatolia.  It is the aim of this study to examine Aegean viniculture. Although Aegean is better known for it’s production of dried and table grapes, it accounts for 20% of Turkish wine production.

The most prestigious grape in the region is the “Bornova Misketi”, cultivated around Izmir by a  member of the Muscat family. Other types of grapes from this region are Carignan, Grenache, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Chardonnay  and Semillon which are foreign origin grapes and some indigenious ones like Çalkarası and Sultaniye. Additionally, in the 1990’s Sevilen, established near Ovacık/Çesme, and Pamukkale in Denizli spearheaded varietal (monosepaj) wine production.

Today, traditional small scale wine production continues in some villages and towns. The most well known are Sirince, which is located near Izmir, and Gökçeada and Bozcaada  islands on the North Aegean.

WINE ROUTES IN SPAIN

Spain is a country with an enormous wine-growing tradition and with a huge tourist industry, although it has not made the importance of wine tourism profitable, up to now, as much as other geographical areas have.

Thus, it was not until the year 2000 that different official wine routes seem to appear (at the moment, there are 13), with the objective, among all others, of helping develop rural areas where wine producing is of crucial importance, and of offering other options to the traditional sun tourism. In this paper we present an analysis of wine tourism in Spain in  the idea that wine (and regional cuisine) may be, and very frequently is, the main attractive to visit a certain area, and it is not necessarily a  secondary (and complementary) activity of the trip.

In order to investigate this, we present the results of an empirical study carried out in one of  the official wine routes of Andalusia, a region in Spain with a very important tourist activity based on sun tourism and on its rich heritage.

We  analyzed how this tourist route is bringing out worth-to-note socioeconomic changes to the geographical area, and helping identify at the same  time the main pros and cons. Our methodology consisted of the realization of a field study based on a questionnaire to the companies involved in  the wine route in order to know their opinion about the impact and influence of the route.

The main results of the study show the necessity to  consolidate the development of such routes by means of the collaboration between public institutions, and by means of getting all the different  social actors involved, in order to make the tourist product even more attractive.

WINE TOURISM IN GREECE: THE CASE OF THE WINE ROADS OF NORTHERN GREECE

Cultivating the vine and producing wine has a long tradition in Greece. Archaeological findings confirm that these activities date back at least four thousand years ago. Greek mythology is replete with deities such as Dionysus and other beings such as the Satyrs that were connected with the production and consumption of wine. Rituals and festivities such as Panathenea, the Eleufsis Mysteries were events where feasts attracted people in great numbers.

Wine was also consumed in great quantities in symposia and other social gatherings. Since antiquity and to the present day, there are regions in Greece that are renowned for producing grapes and wine. Among these regions, Northern Greece is established as one of the areas where high quality wine is produced. Although, most vineyards and wineries have been open to the public, this was not done in a  systematic way. Wine tourism was virtually unknown in Greece until the beginning of the 1990’s.

The first such attempt was materialized by 28 winemakers, who established in 1993 the Wine Producers Association of the Vineyard of Northern Greece. The prime initiative of this association was the development of the network with the trade name “Wine Roads of Northern Greece”. Eight separate and distinct routes were selected  traversing the whole Northern Greece, from the region of Epirus to the North-West, the region of the

Greek Macedonia, in the middle and the  region of Thrace in the North-East. A mall part of Northern Thessaly is also included as part of the Wine Road of the Olympian Gods. This paper describes the past, the present and the future of this initiative, which, so far, has shown a potential for further development.

WINE TOURISM IN ITALY: NEW PROFILES, STYLES OF CONSUMPTION, WAYS OF TOURING

In 2008, for the first time, Italy produced more wine grapes than France. The 20% of the word production (33% of the European Union production) is Italian. This interesting news is strongly related to the greater importance that this market has for Italian agricultural production, and, above all, for the Italian GDP.

The annual wine production is on average of 51 million hectoliters, 33% of which are exported. Moreover, wine sales proved the most lucrative for the Italy wine market in 2008, and the performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, for the  five-year period 2008-2013.

First exporting country for quantity (Italy exports on average 18 million hectoliters per year) only 1,200 out of  770,000 firms can reach the international market. In this picture, the importance of wine in Italy is not only related to production and consumption but also to the attractiveness of this product so connected to the territory. Wine tourism in Italy represents a very important  source of income for small firms and generally for regions.

Apparently around five million people contribute about 2.5 billion euro to wine  making territories, according to data published after Biteg 2008. In this paper the focus will be not on the quantification of the number of wine  tourists, but we will try to make an “identikit” of the potential wine tourists in Italy, highlighting not only the demographic characteristics, but also the attitudes, values and the connection among wine, food, territory, art and culture and how this connection creates a virtuous circle for  promoting new perspectives in tourism preferences.

Data from different sources will be presented: starting from data on wine production, we present some data on tourism in Italy, and we try to identify some very important connection among different kinds of tourisms, with a special  focus on Tuscany.

WINE PRODUCERS’ PERCEPTION OF WINE TOURISM

Wine tourism is significant part of both wine and tourism industries. There are many definitions about wine tourism in literature. Most of  definitions have different point of view to wine tourism. For the purpose of this paper, wine tourism is defined a marketing opportunity for  wineries to educate, and to sell their products, directly to consumers.

Wine tourism also facilitates producer–consumer interaction and involves education about and experience of wine products and wine regions including local cultures and winescapes. Wine tourism can be the core  business for many small wineries. For others wine tourism may be secondary part of their business operation, though potentially serving roles as a sale channel a promotional channel and or a means of educating the customer.

Wine tourism is therefore an important component of the  potential marketing and selling mix of wineries and wine businesses. For small wineries wine tourism is an opportunity for increased margins and brand awareness. On the other hand for large wineries wine tourism is extra costs and management time.

The aim of this study is determining  perceptions of wine producer about wine tourism. It is important because wine producers are an important part of wine tourism. Due to importance, wine producers’ perceptions are a determinant of wine tourism success for a region. A questionnaire is applied to wine producers in  Turkey.

There are 101 registered wine producers in Turkey, and they are grouped according to production volume. In this study firstly a factor  analysis will be applied to results and then ANOVA analysis will be applied to determine differences between groups.

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Homer the name traditionally attributed to the renowned author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, the two great epics of Greek antiquity. Nothing is known about Homer as an individual. In fact, the question of whether a person can be responsible for the creation of the two epics is still controversial. However, linguistic and historical data suggests that the poems were composed in the Greek colonies on the west coast of Asia Minor during the ninth century BC.

Electra was the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, the king and queen of Mycenae. When Elektra’s father came home from the Trojan War, his mother, Clytemnestra and her lover, Aegisthus killed. They also killed Cassandra, a concubine of Agamemnon and the Trojan War

Antigone in ancient Greece, Antigone is mostly linked to the myth that told of ancient greek playwright Sophocles, although it refers to different Antigone in the ancient greek world. Antigone was the daughter of the king of Thebes, Oedipus and Jocasta. It tells the story, Oedipus, the son of Laius and Jocasta killed his father Laius and became king of Thebes. Oedipus unknowingly married his mother Jocasta and had children with her.

Jason is a history of ancient Greek myth, a story that is passed from generation to generation. About a hero who went on a journey in search of the Golden Fleece so that he could help his father regain his kingdom of King Pelias. Aeson Jason’s father was king of Lolcus Alcimed and mother. Aeson half brother Pelias was eager for the throne of Lolcus while in battle, took the power Aeson and became king. Aeson Pelias and shared a common mother, Tyro. She was the daughter of Salmoneus and the sea god Poseidon. Pelias, to ensure that no family could challenge Aeson killed his family. Alcimed but saved her baby, Jason. To avoid your baby Alcimed said Chiron, who became his guardian.

Chaos – in an ancient Greek myth of creation, the dark, silent abyss from which all things were made. According to the Theogony of Hesiod, Chaos generated the solid Earth, from which emerged starry, cloud filled the sky. Mother Earth and Father Sky, embodied respectively Gaea and Uranus his descendants were the Titans parents. In a later theory, Chaos is the formless matter from which the cosmos, or harmonious order, was created.

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Gaea – She was the mother and wife of Father Heaven, Uranus. They were the parents of the creatures first, the Titans, the Cyclopes and the Giants – Hecatonchires (Hundred – headers). Uranus hated the monsters, and even if they were his children, locked them in a secret location on the ground. Gaea was enraged at this favoritism and persuaded their son Cronos to overthrow his father. The castrated Uranus, and his blood Gaea gave birth to the Giants, and the three avenging goddesses the Erinyes. Their children more and more terrible was Typhon, a monster of 100 head, which, though defeated by the god Zeus, was believed to Etna volcano spewing lava.

Tartarus - The lowest region of the underworld. Hesiod claimed that a brazen anvil would take several days and nights to fall from heaven to earth, and nine days and nights to fall from earth to Tartarus. Tartarus rose out of chaos and has been the destination of wicked souls. Uranus banished his children and Cyclops Hecatonchires in Tartarus, as Zeus also did to the Titans. Other famous inhabitants of Tartarus include Sisyphus, Ixion, Tantalus, Salmoneus, Tityus, Ophion and daughters of Danaus.

Eros – The god of love. It was considered a handsome and intense, attended by Pothos (“longing”) or Himeros (“desire”). Later mythology made him the constant agent of his mother, Aphrodite, goddess of love.

Erebus – Personification of the darkness of the underworld and the children of Chaos. . In later myth, Erebus is the dark region beneath the earth through the shadows that must go to Hades below. It is often used metaphorically for Hades itself.

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Uranus – Gaea – The personification of the sky, the sky god and husband of Gaia, the goddess land. . Their children are Hecatonchires, Cyclops and the Titans.

Hecatonchires – Three son of Uranus and Gaia. There were three of them: Briareus also called Aegaeon, Cottus and Gyges also called Gyges. They were gigantic and had fifty heads and one hundred arms each of great strength. They had 100 hands and helped Zeus in his war against the Titans.

Cronus – Rhea – Cronus was a ruler of the universe during the Golden Age. It was one of the 12 Titans and the youngest son of Uranus and Gaia, Cronus and his sister-queen, Rhea, became the parents of 6 of the 12 gods and goddesses known as the Olympians. Cronus had been warned that he would be overthrown by one of his own children. To avoid this, he swallowed his first five children when they were born. Rhea did not like it. She substituted a stone wrapped in swaddling clothes for their sixth child, Zeus. It was hidden in Crete, and as he grew older, he returned and forced Cronos to return all the other children who grew up within him. Zeus and his brothers and sisters have waged war against Cronos and the Titans. Zeus won, and the Titans were imprisoned in Tartarus, a cave in the deepest part of the underworld.

Coeus – Phoebe – Coeus was a titan of Intelligence, the father of Leto, husband of Phoebe

Oceanus – Tethys – the personification of the vast ocean. With his wife Tethys, they produced the rivers and six thousand children Oceanides called. He ruled over the ocean, a great river encircling the earth, which we thought was a flat circle. The nymphs of this great river, Oceanides, their daughters, and the gods of all the rivers on earth were their son.

Hestia – Virgin goddess of hearth. It was symbolic of the house around which a newborn was carried out before being received into the family. Even if it appears in very few myths, most cities have a common home where her sacred fire burned.

Hades – He was the lord of the underworld, ruler of the dead. He is a greedy god is very concerned about increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead were seen favorably by him. He was also the god of wealth because of the precious metals mined from the earth. His wife was Persephone that Hades abducted. The underworld itself was often called Hades. It was divided into two regions: Erebus, where the dead once they die, and Tartarus, the deeper region where the Titans were imprisoned. It was a dark and miserable, inhabited by vague forms and shadows and guarded by Cerberus, the three heads of families, dog dragon’s tail. Sinister rivers separated the underworld from the world and the old ferryman Charon transported the souls of the dead in these waters.

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Poseidon – god of the sea. Trident is a weapon that could shake the earth and destroy any object. He was second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. Beneath the ocean, was a brilliant golden palace. Poseidon was the husband of a Nereid Amphitrite, with whom he had a son, Triton. Poseidon had numerous other love stories. At one point, he wanted to Demeter. You can put it to Demeter asked him to make the animal more beautiful than the world had ever seen. To impress her, Poseidon created the first horse. In some accounts his first attempts were unsucessful and created a number of other animals in his research. At a time when the horse was created his passion for Demeter had cooled.

Zeus – Hera – The god of heaven and ruler of the Olympian gods. He displaced his father and became chief of the gods of Olympus. Zeus was considered the father of gods and mortals. That does not create gods or death, he was her father in the sense of being the protector and ruler both of the Olympic family and the human race. His weapon was a thunderbolt. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. He was married to Hera, but is famous for his many affairs, which led to many kids know and probably many more that are not known to be. Athena was his favorite child. He wore only his head. One of the biggest festivals of Zeus was the Olympics. They were held in Olympia every four years. Even if there was a war between the city states of Greece were to stop the war to take part in this game.

Hera’s marriage was founded in conflict with Zeus and continued in the war. Writers represented Hera as always jealous of Zeus’s many lovers. It punishes rivals and their children, among both goddesses and mortals, with implacable fury. The peacock (symbol of pride, a carriage pulled by peacocks) and cow (which was also known as Bopis, which means “cow-eyed”, which was later translated as “with big eyes” were her sacred animals . Her favorite city is Argos.

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Demeter – Zeus – Goddess of maize and yield. He has taught man the art of plowing and sowing, so that they can end their nomadic existence. He was serious, beautiful hair almost relieved. that was as beautiful as the corn ripens. Poseidon his field, but Demeter refused to own him. To escape he fled to Arkadia, assuming the latter form of the mare, she mingled with herds of King Oncus. Poseidon, however, was able to see him, became a stallion and became her mother’s horse Arion.

When her daughter Persephone was abducted by Hades, god of the underworld, Demeter’s grief was so great that she neglected the land, the plants grew, and famine devastated the land. Appalled by this situation, Zeus, demanded that his brother Hades return Persephone to her mother. Hades agreed, but before he released the girl, made her eat some pomegranate seeds that requiring it to return with him for four months a year. In his joy at being reunited with her daughter, Demeter caused the earth to produce bright spring flowers and abundant fruit and grain for harvest. However, her pain returned each fall when Persephone had to go to hell. The bleakness of winter and death of vegetation is considered as the annual event of the pain of Demeter when her daughter was wearing. Demeter and Persephone were worshiped in the rites of the Mysteries of Eleusis.

Persephone - Persephone was Queen of the Underworld and the daughter of Demeter. Persephone is the goddess of the underworld in Greek mythology. She is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter, goddess of the harvest. Persephone was a beautiful girl that everyone loved him, even Hades wanted her for himself. Although Zeus gave his consent, Demeter was unwilling. Hades, therefore, grabbed the girl while she was picking flowers and carried him out of his kingdom. Persephone was the personification of the recovery of habitat in the spring. His attributes in iconography can be a torch, crown, scepter, and the stalks of wheat.

Leto – Zeus – The mother of Artemis, the goddess of the bow and hunting. He was loved by the god Zeus who, fearing the jealousy of his wife, Hera, banished Leto when she was about to give your child. All countries and islands were also afraid of Hera’s wrath and refused the desperate Leto a home where the child could be born. Finally, in his wanderings, he stepped on a small island floating in the Aegean Sea, which was called Delos.

Iapetus – The son of  Uranus and Gaia. The wife of Iapetus was Clymene.

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Athena – or Pallas Athena is one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. Goddess of wisdom, war, art, industry, justice and skill. Athena ran an adult and armored from the forehead and Zeus and was his favorite. It’s been a proud and brave in battle, but fights only to protect the state and home from outside enemies. She was the goddess of the city, handicrafts and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which makes a man to tame horses, trumpet, flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and floats. His attributes in iconography are the aegis (fringed cloak, sometimes decorated with a Gorgon’s head), a helmet and a spear.

Ares - God of War. He was very aggressive. He was unpopular with the gods and humans. Ares was not invincible, even against mortals. He personified the brutal nature of war. He was immortal, but every time he gets hurt, he would go to his father, Zeus and was healed. Ares was worshiped mainly in Thrace.

Hebe - goddess of youth. She, along with Ganymede was the cupbearer of the gods, serving their nectar and ambrosia. It also prepared the bath Ares and helped Hera to her chariot. Hebe was the wife of  Hercules.

Hephaestus - god of fire and metal. He was born lame and weak, and shortly after his birth, was thrown out of Olympus. In most legends, but was honored again as soon as the Olympus, and was married to Aphrodite, the goddess of love, and Aglaia, one of three feet. His laboratory was believed buried under Mount Etna in Sicily. He has done great things and the gods, including the twelve golden thrones, weapons and treasures of the gods.

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Apollo – Apollo was primarily a god of prophecy. Sometimes it was given the gift of prophecy to mortals whom he loved, as the Trojan princess Cassandra. As a prophet and a magician, who is the patron of medicine and healing. He was a talented musician who delighted the gods with his performance on the lyre. He was also a master archer and a fast athlete, credited with being the first winner in the Olympics. Her twin sister was Artemis. He was famous for his oracle at Delphi. People traveled to it from anywhere in the Greek world to divine the future. He was also the god of agriculture and livestock, and light and truth.

Artemis – Artemis was the goddess of hunting and animals, as well as delivery. His twin brother Apollo. As the goddess of the moon, sometimes identified with the goddesses Selene and Hecate.Her attributes are the bow and arrow, while dogs, deer and goose are her sacred animals. Her temple at Ephesus was more complex.

Atlas – Son of the Titan Iapetus and the nymph Clymene, and brother of Prometheus. Atlas fought with the Titans in the war against the gods of Olympus. Atlas took by assault the heavens and Zeus punished him for this fact by condemning him to forever bear the earth and the sky on his shoulders. He was the father of the Hesperides, the nymphs who guarded the tree of golden apples, and Heracles (Hercules).

Prometheus - Prometheus was the wisest Titan, known as the friend and benefactor humanity.He stole the sacred fire from Zeus and the gods. He also deceived the gods, they should get more parts of any animal sacrificed to them, and people better. Zeus ordered Prometheus chained be for eternity in the Caucasus. It would be an eagle eating his liver every day and the liver would be renewed. So the punishment was endless, until Heracles finally killed the bird.

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Epimetheus - Epimetheus was a Titan, whose name means “afterthought”.  In some accounts, he was transferred with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He foolishly ignored his brother Prometheus’ warnings to be wary of all the gifts of Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, bringing the aches and pains in the world.

Maia – Zeus – Maia was the daughter of Atlas. She was one of the lovers of Zeus. She and Zeus was the mother of Hermes.

Dione - Zeus – The goddess Dione titánide or Zeus became the mother of Aphrodite.

Hermes – Hermes’s main role was as a messenger. As a special civil servant and messenger of Zeus, Hermes had winged sandals and a winged hat and bore a golden caduceus or magic wand, entwined with snakes and surmounted by wings. He led the souls of the dead to the underworld and was believed to possess magical powers over sleep and dreams. Five minutes after he was born, he stole a herd of cows from Apollo. He invented the lyre from a cow’s internal fibers. After Apollo learned what happened, he knew that his half-brother would he one of the Pantheon. Hermes was the patron of trickster and thieves because of his actions early in life. His attributes in iconography include kerykeion (personal messenger), winged boots, and petassos (CAP).

Aphrodite – Goddess of love and beauty. Aphrodite loved and was loved by many gods and mortals. Among her mortal lovers, the most famous was perhaps Adonis. Some of her sons are Eros, Anteros, Hymenaios and Aeneas (the Trojan lover Anchises). Perhaps the most famous legend of Aphrodite in the Trojan War, in September. She was the wife of Hephaestus. Myrtle was her tree. Dove, swan, and sparrow were her birds.

Zeus - First the Greek pantheon of gods are known to close the top of Olympus, a generation previous gods called Titans, to be held. The ruler of the angels Cronus was the son of Gaia (Mother Earth). Chrono mother had told him he had stolen one of his descendants, which would be extremely effective. Therefore, whenever the wife of Cronus, Rhea gave birth to a child, he swallowed the god of the newborn to prevent them from turning over his powers …

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• greek mythology gods
• greek god
• greek goddess
• greek god poseidon
• greek gods zeus
• apollo greek god