wine, wines, wine, tourism, wine, festivals, Spanish Wine, Wine Brands, Wine Countries, Wine Regions, Wine Tourism, World Regions, World Wine, wine tourists, wine festivals

By far the main focus of contemporary wine tourism research has been in ‘New World’ regions. Indeed it appears that wine tourism research in ‘Old World’ wine countries is a very recent phenomenon, very much under development in many regions. The present study adds to this  underdeveloped body of research in that it addresses wine tourism development across three prominent ‘Old World’ Spanish wine regions.

A  total of seventy six wineries participated in the study and respondents’ answers and comments to date indicate that while many of the  participating wineries are several generations, or centuries, old, wine tourism appears to be in its ‘tentative’ stages, that is, starting to gain momentum. Also, respondents’ answers demonstrate that visitation among overseas visitors is very minimal.

Clearly, many of the wineries or  the wine regions are far from Spain’s coastal areas, where tourism concentrates, and follows the ‘traditional rituals’ of sun and beach activities.

However, in a country with a very large foreign tourist contingent such as Spain, this finding also illustrates the existence of an almost totally  untapped market, and suggests potential commercial opportunities for Spanish wineries. Such an argument is particularly valid, as in the last  decade, rural and agri-tourism have been developing in the nation to cater for a diverse tourist market.

In addition, 72.3% of respondents  indicated that their wineries are open to the public mainly to generate interest for their wine brands among visitors, and another 59.2% use the  cellar door to educate customers, thus demonstrating wineries’ longer-term strategy to ‘convert’ visitors to loyal consumers.

These results are  not different from other wine tourism studies. However, given the critical role tourism plays for Spain’s economy, with over 50 million visitors  per year, these findings can have important implications for the wine industry in many of the nation’s wine regions.

WINE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVENIA

Wine tourism development in Slovenian wine regions is analyzed and compared with similar research on determinants for life-cycle of wine tourist products and growth of wine tourist providers in world class tourism and wine tourism destinations (Getz & Brown 2006). The high  quality of wine production is an important element for initial, an introductory stage in wine tourism development.

In the second stage of  development a part of wine production is sold in a bottled form as well as there are introduced additional offers, which lead to a shift from  traditional winery into an open winery with wine sales. In the third stage, progress made in wine quality and growth in winery progress follows,  which requires improvements in marketing. This is accompanied with investments into tourist accommodation facilities in the winery to provide  n additional employment of other members of households for tourism activities.

Finally, in the fourth mature stage of wine tourism  development, tourist activities become the main source of income for the winery, which requires establishing of family or similar run firm, which is engaged in tourism and wine marketing at domestic and international markets.

At the same time tourist supply is becoming more specialized  targeting different segments of wine tourists such as activities for lovers of culture, families, active tourism, cycling, lovers of nature, and  similar. In this developed stage, the tourist supply is well integrated into a tourist supply of the destination. This means that from the initial wine  farm it becomes one of the important players and innovators of tourist supply in the tourist destination.

The life cycle of wine tourist product  and growth of wine tourist providers are analyzed in the case of Slovenian wine region. The importance and growth of wine tourism product and  wine tourism providers will be quantified by the investigation of the number of wineries and employees in wine tourism, the number and  diversification of recognized and specialized tourist products in association with wine tourism (e.g. wellness, ecological and similar tourism), the significance of wine sales in the wineries and wine exports, the use of different marketing tools and the role of wine consortiums.

NEW WORLD AND MEDITERRANEAN WINE TOURISM: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Contextually, wine tourism seems underdeveloped in Europe – even though wine has a long history there. This paper will examine the future for  wine tourism research in the Mediterranean region given that, until now, there has been a greater focus on New World, particularly Anglophone,  countries. Based on an analysis of past research the paper therefore highlights potential inter-cultural similarities and differences and offers suggestions for future research programmes.

Specifically, the following will be explored:

1. Different production contexts. In New World countries many wine regions have only developed in the last 30-50 years, with the resulting  ‘pioneer spirit’ influencing the co-operative and dynamic approach to wine tourism.

2. Related to this, the use of appellation systems to guarantee regional quality may affect how wine tourism is viewed (both operationally and for branding). This links to the effectiveness of regional branding.

3. Consumption patterns are changing, with expansion in New World countries and rapid reductions in Europe. This may be linked to the use of wine as a lifestyle product, which in turn is attached to the lifestyle pursuits of travel and placeattachment.

4. Attitudes to land ownership and use vary – based on differing views of individual ownership and community benefit.

5. It has been suggested that small European wine producers, who sell wine at their property, often do not think that they are involved in wine  tourism. This idea bears further research.

6. In the New World wine tourists seek an overall experience rather than just a focus on wine. The existence of this attitude in the Mediterranean  region could be crucial.

7. Possibly, in Europe, producer wine tourism involvement only develops when there is a drop in sales, and is only used to prop-up economic  activity rather than for longterm branding.

wine, wines, wine, tourism, wine, festivals, Spanish Wine, Wine Brands, Wine Countries, Wine Regions, Wine Tourism, World Regions, World Wine, wine tourists, wine festivals

WINE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE AEGEAN COAST OF TURKEY: A REGIONAL APPROACH

Turkey is one of the most important countries in the field of viniculture. The reason for this suggestion comes from some numbers: in world  rankings Turkey is 5th in total vineyard area, with 600.000 hectare, and 6th in grape production. However, most of the harvested grapes are  being used for consuming as table grape, raisin, drying and making molasses. Only 2 % of the grapes harvested in Turkey are used to produce  wine, and the 60 million liters of wine Turkey produces makes up a meer 2% of the world’s total production.

Most of the Turkish citizens prefer  drinking rakı or beer than wine – annual consumption of wine is 6.8 liter per citizen. The consumption figures in Turkey are very low when  compared with French (65 liter), Spain (39 liter) and Greece (31 liter). The low level of wine consumption in Turkey could be explained, in a large extent, to religious inhibitions. The proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923 lead to the repeal of the inhibition of wine production and  consumption in 1926.

Thereafter, Muslim entrepreneurs became interested in wine production, which had been strictly limited to those citizens  of Greek and Armenian decent. Turkey’s most developed and productive wine regions are Marmara, Aegean, Central and Southeastern Anatolia.  It is the aim of this study to examine Aegean viniculture. Although Aegean is better known for it’s production of dried and table grapes, it accounts for 20% of Turkish wine production.

The most prestigious grape in the region is the “Bornova Misketi”, cultivated around Izmir by a  member of the Muscat family. Other types of grapes from this region are Carignan, Grenache, Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Chardonnay  and Semillon which are foreign origin grapes and some indigenious ones like Çalkarası and Sultaniye. Additionally, in the 1990’s Sevilen, established near Ovacık/Çesme, and Pamukkale in Denizli spearheaded varietal (monosepaj) wine production.

Today, traditional small scale wine production continues in some villages and towns. The most well known are Sirince, which is located near Izmir, and Gökçeada and Bozcaada  islands on the North Aegean.

WINE ROUTES IN SPAIN

Spain is a country with an enormous wine-growing tradition and with a huge tourist industry, although it has not made the importance of wine tourism profitable, up to now, as much as other geographical areas have.

Thus, it was not until the year 2000 that different official wine routes seem to appear (at the moment, there are 13), with the objective, among all others, of helping develop rural areas where wine producing is of crucial importance, and of offering other options to the traditional sun tourism. In this paper we present an analysis of wine tourism in Spain in  the idea that wine (and regional cuisine) may be, and very frequently is, the main attractive to visit a certain area, and it is not necessarily a  secondary (and complementary) activity of the trip.

In order to investigate this, we present the results of an empirical study carried out in one of  the official wine routes of Andalusia, a region in Spain with a very important tourist activity based on sun tourism and on its rich heritage.

We  analyzed how this tourist route is bringing out worth-to-note socioeconomic changes to the geographical area, and helping identify at the same  time the main pros and cons. Our methodology consisted of the realization of a field study based on a questionnaire to the companies involved in  the wine route in order to know their opinion about the impact and influence of the route.

The main results of the study show the necessity to  consolidate the development of such routes by means of the collaboration between public institutions, and by means of getting all the different  social actors involved, in order to make the tourist product even more attractive.

WINE TOURISM IN GREECE: THE CASE OF THE WINE ROADS OF NORTHERN GREECE

Cultivating the vine and producing wine has a long tradition in Greece. Archaeological findings confirm that these activities date back at least four thousand years ago. Greek mythology is replete with deities such as Dionysus and other beings such as the Satyrs that were connected with the production and consumption of wine. Rituals and festivities such as Panathenea, the Eleufsis Mysteries were events where feasts attracted people in great numbers.

Wine was also consumed in great quantities in symposia and other social gatherings. Since antiquity and to the present day, there are regions in Greece that are renowned for producing grapes and wine. Among these regions, Northern Greece is established as one of the areas where high quality wine is produced. Although, most vineyards and wineries have been open to the public, this was not done in a  systematic way. Wine tourism was virtually unknown in Greece until the beginning of the 1990’s.

The first such attempt was materialized by 28 winemakers, who established in 1993 the Wine Producers Association of the Vineyard of Northern Greece. The prime initiative of this association was the development of the network with the trade name “Wine Roads of Northern Greece”. Eight separate and distinct routes were selected  traversing the whole Northern Greece, from the region of Epirus to the North-West, the region of the

Greek Macedonia, in the middle and the  region of Thrace in the North-East. A mall part of Northern Thessaly is also included as part of the Wine Road of the Olympian Gods. This paper describes the past, the present and the future of this initiative, which, so far, has shown a potential for further development.

WINE TOURISM IN ITALY: NEW PROFILES, STYLES OF CONSUMPTION, WAYS OF TOURING

In 2008, for the first time, Italy produced more wine grapes than France. The 20% of the word production (33% of the European Union production) is Italian. This interesting news is strongly related to the greater importance that this market has for Italian agricultural production, and, above all, for the Italian GDP.

The annual wine production is on average of 51 million hectoliters, 33% of which are exported. Moreover, wine sales proved the most lucrative for the Italy wine market in 2008, and the performance of the market is forecast to accelerate, for the  five-year period 2008-2013.

First exporting country for quantity (Italy exports on average 18 million hectoliters per year) only 1,200 out of  770,000 firms can reach the international market. In this picture, the importance of wine in Italy is not only related to production and consumption but also to the attractiveness of this product so connected to the territory. Wine tourism in Italy represents a very important  source of income for small firms and generally for regions.

Apparently around five million people contribute about 2.5 billion euro to wine  making territories, according to data published after Biteg 2008. In this paper the focus will be not on the quantification of the number of wine  tourists, but we will try to make an “identikit” of the potential wine tourists in Italy, highlighting not only the demographic characteristics, but also the attitudes, values and the connection among wine, food, territory, art and culture and how this connection creates a virtuous circle for  promoting new perspectives in tourism preferences.

Data from different sources will be presented: starting from data on wine production, we present some data on tourism in Italy, and we try to identify some very important connection among different kinds of tourisms, with a special  focus on Tuscany.

WINE PRODUCERS’ PERCEPTION OF WINE TOURISM

Wine tourism is significant part of both wine and tourism industries. There are many definitions about wine tourism in literature. Most of  definitions have different point of view to wine tourism. For the purpose of this paper, wine tourism is defined a marketing opportunity for  wineries to educate, and to sell their products, directly to consumers.

Wine tourism also facilitates producer–consumer interaction and involves education about and experience of wine products and wine regions including local cultures and winescapes. Wine tourism can be the core  business for many small wineries. For others wine tourism may be secondary part of their business operation, though potentially serving roles as a sale channel a promotional channel and or a means of educating the customer.

Wine tourism is therefore an important component of the  potential marketing and selling mix of wineries and wine businesses. For small wineries wine tourism is an opportunity for increased margins and brand awareness. On the other hand for large wineries wine tourism is extra costs and management time.

The aim of this study is determining  perceptions of wine producer about wine tourism. It is important because wine producers are an important part of wine tourism. Due to importance, wine producers’ perceptions are a determinant of wine tourism success for a region. A questionnaire is applied to wine producers in  Turkey.

There are 101 registered wine producers in Turkey, and they are grouped according to production volume. In this study firstly a factor  analysis will be applied to results and then ANOVA analysis will be applied to determine differences between groups.

International Conference on Tourism Development and Management
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cappadocia underground city, cappadocia christians, cappadocia pictures, capadocia, cappadocia map, cappadocia hotels, cappadocia weather, cappadocia tours

Cappadocia which is unique and is a miraculous nature wonder is the common name for the region of the provinces of Aksaray, Nevsehir, Nigde, Kayseri and Kirsehir in central Anatolia region.

In the period of Myos higher in the Cappadocia region because of volcanic eruptions occurred in Erciyes, Hasandag Gulludag and was in the region formed a vast plateau of volcanic tuff and in collaboration with the erosion of the river and the wind Kizilirmak over ten years thausands appeared the chimney rocks, which is a natural wonder. In the early Bronze Age of Cappadocia, which was the area the population of the Assyrian civilization later has hosted the Hittite, fridge, Pers, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman civilizations. The early Christians have fled persecution in the Roman Empire in the second century BC came to Cappadocia in Antakya and Kayseri and they settled here. The early Christians are the underground cities of Cappadocia has been hidden in these underground cities which gates were made so that they could not easily observable, and they fled persecution by the Roman soldiers.

Because of this they live in underground cities for long without being able to get what they have developed these underground cities by making provisions rooms, ventilation chimneys, places of production of wine, churches, abbeys , water wells, toilets and meeting rooms.

In prehistoric times, the first settlements began and humans have built underground cities in the tuff as a result of protection against wild animals and lived long in these underground cities. There are underground cities for many in the Cappadocia region of Turkey, but the biggest is the city of Derinkuyu underground.

In such cities as parts connected to each other some of the rooms were connected to each other, only with narrow tunnels and allow the passage of one person. To access the gates of these tunnels there were huge stone rollers used for closing the tunnels for safety reasons.

Cappadocia introduction movie


Other Movies: Turkey Historical and Tourism Places

The first people in the region of Cappadocia was Luvie Hattie and the Hittites. In the years 3000-2000 BC, the Assyrians have established trade colonies in this region. Cappaddocian tables with cuneiform in Assyrian language founded in Kanes illuminates the social and political life of the time and were at the same time, trade and economic agreements are the firs written tablets of Anatolia. According to these documents from the period in Anatolia were founded small local kingdoms, not by a central authority. Usually, their hands in a small area and live in peace. The region to form the core of the Hittite Empire later passed under the dominion of Phrygia and Persian civilization Katpatuka Persons called this region and its center was Mazak.

When Datames Satrab (Starab: District Administrator in a small Persons) Cappadocia has bear arms against the biggest king of Pers, the other Anatolian Satrabs supported him, but the rebellion broke. In 33 BC, Alexander the Great had captured an important part of Cappadocia. Cappadocia in 188 BC, which is recorded in the Roman Empire was captured in 100 BC, king of Pontus, Mithridates, but Mithridatesd 63 BC, Pompey was defeated and took over Cappadocia under the domination of Rome. During the period of Tiberius the Roman Cappadocia gainded space of the city.

Cappadocia was one of the most important in times of Christianity. The early Christians trying to escape from Roman soldiers, who wanted to avoid the spread of Christianity in the region have settled in Cappadocia, which was so suitable for hiding and then were able to continue to spread their nature and religion. San Basileious by the Kaiser, and St. Gregory of Nyssa had settled from Cappadocia. In 647 AC together with occupation of Kayseri Cappadocia Muaviye met with Arab attacks. Cappadocia which went under the domination of the Seljuks in 1072 has been added to the lands by the Ottoman Empire in 1399 the Ottoman sultan Yildirim Beyazit.

Forest birds Reed

Kayseri Erciyes Dagi and south of, or Sultansazligi Sultan Marshes is an extensive wetland area, which surrounds the Plain Develi. The road to Kayseri is a city Develi offers a very scenic drive following the Karasu River Tekir Yaylasi a popular ski resort located on the eastern side of Erciyes Dagi. The road descends the southern slopes of the mountain, where the Sultan Marshes ecosystem size, scattered throughout the majestic, snow-covered mountain. And ‘the closest, and the reeds swaying breeze and iridescent blue water sparkles in the sun and the masses of pink flamingos in the Yay Golu fury.

This wetland consists of two freshwater lakes covered with reeds, and Col Golu Egrigol, north and south of Develi plain Yay Golu a salt lake between them and the surrounding wetlands. It is the largest wetland ecosystem in Turkey and is fed by many springs and streams of the surrounding mountains. Its location at the time of three continents makes it an important breeding ground for birds and over 250 species found here. While the Sultan marshes are of particular interest to ornithologists, the flamingos Yay Golu is just as impressive for most travelers like Lake Nakuru in Kenya and Lake Manyara in Tanzania.

There is a watchtower on the Ovaciftlik just east of Kayseri-Nigde highway along the road connecting to Yahyali, a village where women weave carpets distinctive local patterns of world renown. Villages near Sindelhuyuk Develi Ovaciftlik and is convenient to take action to see the flamingos Yay Golu, but boat trips on various lakes are generally negotiated by one of the villages that surround the area.

Underground Cities

Although underground ‘city’ the term of Cappadocia, was probably temporary or permanent refuge in the hidden city. Constant darkness is hardly conducive to life, and some passages are a little ‘more than crawl spaces, would be unsustainable in the long-term situations. No there is no certainty a number of underground communities exist, or even that they were built.

The two largest communities that have been excavated, are located on Kaymakli and Derinkuyu, 20 and 30 km. south of Nevsehir Nevsehir-Nigde road. It is believed that the Hittites may have excavated the lower levels of the rock where they were attacked by the Phrygians around 1200 BC. But some archaeologists believe that the oldest caves, those hewn with stone rather than metal tools, which are much older. These rooms were later extended to a complete cave complex by Christians escaping the Arab invasions of the 7th and 8th century.

Discrete inputs give way to elaborate systems of underground air with trees, tree waste, wells, chimneys and connection time. The higher levels were used for housing, while lower levels were used for storage, wine making, flour milling and worship in the chapels simple. Everywhere the walls were blackened by the use of torches. There is a tunnel connecting Kaymakli and Derinkuyu that allowed three people to go through the same time, but it is not available to the public through the tunnel collapsed.

0nly 10 kms. This is another Kaymakli Cavetown to Mazikoy that may be related to Derinkuyu but this remains to be demonstrated. This community was built in the walls of a cliff. Unlike Kaymakli and Derinkuyu, there are no stairs or classes of moving from one level to another. In contrast, the levels are well defined with connecting tunnels through which the people went up or abandoned by their own footholds carved into the walls of trees. Mazikoy is often ignored because it is a small community, its location is far from the main road and some flexibility is needed to fully appreciate its capabilities.

Cut Rock Churches and Monasteries

Many of the settlements in Cappadocia had been established primarily monastic communities. Bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in the 4 th century, St. Basil the Great wrote the rules of monastic life, which are still followed by monks and nuns of the Greek Orthodox Church. She claimed the life of the community, prayer and physical labor as a solitary asceticism that was popular at that time and it was his leadership that the first churches built in the valley of Goreme. This small communities, each with their churches, formed a large monastic complex which is now the Open Air Museum. Hundreds of churches are reported to have been built in this valley, but not in the churches of St. Basil of minutes. Goreme, Tokali Kilise or “Buckle Church” is easily the most beautiful churches, with arches and beautiful frescoes.

The monastery is the most impressive monastery in Cappadocia is Eskigumus Nigde Nigde-Kayseri road. It is the southernmost of the monasteries of Cappadocia and is close to the road that the Arabs invaders, which is crossed by the southern mountains of Tarsus in Kayseri looting in the seventh century. This road follows the river through a hastily called Tarsus Bogazi Gulek unclean. He was known in the ancient world as Gates, Cilicia, and was used by Alexander the Great in his campaign against the Persians East. The entrance to the monastery of any Eskigumus was designed to protect the monastery from passers attackers. It was so successful that the monastery was not discovered until 1963, having escaped the vandalism, which most churches and monasteries of Cappadocia were submitted. The large courtyard surrounded by high walls of the monastery boasts rooms and shops. The main church is spacious and airy, and well-preserved murals considered the best example of Byzantine art in all of Cappadocia.

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