Ishak Pasha Palace, Dogubeyazit Agri
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Built through the end of eighteenth century, Ishak Pasa Palace stands on a plateau that descends to the northwest. It overlooks Sariova, where the contemporary city of Dogubayazit is located. The remains of old Dogubayazit lie to the northwest and to the south of the palace. A small mosque (mescit) and a cemetery lie to the southeast of the palace. The northern façade of the palace faces the Dogubayazit Castle, on a nearby hill. The palace was commissioned by local Ottoman governor Ishak Pasa and took ninety-nine years to total in 1784. Ishak Pasa is also thought to be the architect of the palace.
Due to its proximity to the Russian and Persian edges of the empire, Ishak Pasa Palace suffered serious damage during several wars, starting with the Russian seige in 1828. Stones were eliminated from the abandoned palace during the re-location of the city in 1934. The upper wooden structure also vanished during this period. In 1963, the Directorate of Ancient monuments and Museums (Anitlar ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlügü) introduced a campaign of preservation for the site and several repair projects were undertaken since, including a general cleanup and excavation of the site and the servicing of the east and south Facades in 1966.
The complex is located on an artificial platform aligned east-west. The site was made even with the construction of a partial cellar that is fifteen meters at its tallest. Surrounded by steep slopes, the building is joined only from the east. The palace consists of three effective sections; an outer courtyard and inner courtyard, followed by the harem section with its gardens. It is similar to the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul in its layout.
The outer courtyard (birun), which is located at the eastern part of the complex, is surrounded by guardrooms to the north and east, storage rooms to the north, and prison areas in the basement. The southern wall of the courtyard, which measures thirty by thirty-six meters is left blank and the western side is bound with structures of the inner courtyard. There are privy chambers and a feature to the east. Joined from a muqarnas gate facing east, this section of the palace measures fifty by thirty-one meters in plan. A gate on the western wall leads into the inner courtyard.
The inner courtyard (enderun) is about 20 by thirty-five meters. It has the administrative section, a mosque, madrasa (medrese) to the north, servant rooms and stables to the south, a double-story structure property the guards to the east. The northern side of the courtyard is raised about two and a half meters on a rock outcropping at this corner, although it may also have been raised to highlight the mosque. Although the mosque and the madrasa were preserved in their original form, the walls and roofs of some areas projecting to the south, such as the servant rooms, were heavily damaged. The mosque, which is adjoined by muezzin’s rooms and a single minaret, has a one tall prayer hall covered with a dome backed by squinches. Joined from a hallway within the management section, the mosque has its qibla wall facing the courtyard. It is flanked by a hypostyle hall to its north that is covered with nine vaults and domes set on slender columns. A small ornate mausoleum (türbe) appears in front of the qibla wall of the mosque.
Joined from a gate from the inner courtyard, the harem area covers an area of thirtysix metres by forty-three metres and is marginally higher in elevation than the inner courtyard. It is surrounded by pleasure gardens (hasbahçe) on three sides. It has a ceremonial hall (muayede salonu), kitchen (mutfak), cellar (kiler), baths (hamam) and many rooms. There is an inscriptive plaque with Quranic inscriptions and praise to Ishak Pasa over the portal.
The palace was built using six various types of local stone. Wood was used for the roof structure and columns. Most of the wooden roofing structure has disappeared. Iron was used to reinforce the masonry. A wide selection of architectural elements were can be seen in the palace complex, such as octagonal columns with muqarnas capitals, pointed arches and sightless arches decorating the walls and glorious the square frames of the windows.
The ornamental structure consists mostly of stone carving, featuring floral motifs such as entwining vine branches and grapes, geometric shapes and elaborate arabesques. There are traces of painted decoration inside the mosque dome. Carved identities with Quranic verses and graceful praises of Ishak Pasa enhance the inside of the ceremonial hall and the mosque.
